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Water and Wastewater Treatment Just like fresh air, water is an essential resource for the survival of humans and animals. Water constitutes 70% of the Earth surface but less than one percent can be classified as an accessible freshwater resource. Therefore, water is considered to be a scarce and most valuable resource in many regions […]

DESIGN ASPECTS OF LIQUID DISTRIBUTOR In this section, we will discuss the parameters that need to be considered while designing a high-performance liquid distributor. Drip Point Density: The drip point density is the specific number of final distribution points per m2 of cross-section area on top of the packing bed. For systems in contact with low […]

Liquid distributors are an important component of column internals. They provide adequate distribution of the liquid onto the packed bed and structured packing. To achieve an intensive mass transfer between the phases, the liquid should be distributed equally across the packed column area. It serves to overcome maldistribution and, poor initial distribution can only be compensated […]

Scrubbers are a reliable means of removing fine particles from the gas stream through absorption. Scrubbers can be classified as dry or wet. Wet chemical scrubber systems filter dust by introducing the polluted air stream with water droplets. There are various wet impingement configurations, such as spray nozzles, misters, cyclonic, venture dispersion, and others, to […]

Many important unit operations such as distillation, stripping and scrubbing rely on the proper selection of tower internals and packings for best separation. Tower packing creates a large amount of surface area to volume where the liquid-vapor mass transfer can occur. Furthermore, it increases the production capacity and the separation efficiency, lowers the pressure drop […]